And / But / Because / So
And / But / Because / So
We use but to express a contrast between two things or ideas.
e.g. I like coffe but I don’t like tea.
We use and to connect two similar words, phrases or clause in one sentence,
e.g. She can swim and dive very well. We use because to link an idea with a reason or a cause. e.g. I can’t go into the house because I can’t find the keys. We use so to show the result of something,
e.g. I got up late, so I missed the bus. A conjunction is a word that connects other words or groups of words. In the sentence Bob and Dan are friends the conjunction and connects two nouns and in the sentence He will drive or fly, the conjunction or connects two verbs. In the sentence It is early but we can go, the conjunction but connects two groups of words. Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions which connect two equal parts of a sentence. The most common ones are and, or, but, and so which are used in the following ways: and is used to join or add words together in the sentence They ate and drank.
or is used to show choice or possibilities as in the sentence He will be here on Monday or Tuesday.
but is used to show opposite or conflicting ideas as in the sentence She is small but strong.
so is used to show result as in the sentence I was tired so I went to sleep. Subordinating conjunctions connect two parts of a sentence that are not equal and will be discussed more in another class. For now, you should know some of the more common subordinating conjunctions such as: after before unless
although if until
as since when
because than while Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. In the sentence Both Jan and Meg are good swimmers, both . . .and are correlative conjunctions. The most common correlative conjunctions are: both . . .and
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
not only . . . but also
1-I love trees, grass, flowers, rivers……..and…………lakes.
2-John likes westerns but he hates science fiction.
3-Claire can speak Spanish but she can’t speak Chinese.
4-I can dance but I can’t sing.
5-I go to the cinema nearly every week because I love films.
6-Your marks are bad because you don’t study enough.
7-Monica and I are friends so we sit together in class.
8-I didn’t feel very well so I stayed at home.
9-You can go out because you must be home by eleven, ok?
10-I spent the afternoon in the library because I had an exam the next day.
1. There was a dog in the garden becausa they couldn’t get into the house.
2. I didn’t go to party last night because I didn’t feel well.
3. He is an old and lonely man.
4. He is a clever boy but he doesn’t study hard.
5. Maria is from Spain and she lives in Italy.
6. We can’t go swimming today because it is cool and rainy.
7.1 want to relax but I have a lot of work to do.
8. John lives in the country and he works in the city centre.
9. I can understand German but I can’t speak it..
10. My father gets up early and then goes for a walk.
11. I want to buy this TV because it is cheap.
12. My brother loves football but I hate it.
13. I want to make a cake but I don’t know how to make a cake.
14. Linda loves roses because they smell wonderful.
15. Their house was sold so they moved to another house.
16. They called the police because someone broke into their house.
17. There was a shortage of water so we couldn’t have a shower.
18. Could I have a hamburger and a coke, please?
19. David couldn’t pass his Math exams because he didn’t study.
20. I like Peter but he is a little bit jealous.
21. My sister works in a nursery school because she loves children.
22.I haven’t got enough time so I can’t help you.
23.My favourite actors are Bruce Willis and Robert De Niro.
24. The children like playing in the park so they go to park everyday.
1-The bus stopped __________ the man got off.
2-We stayed at home __________ watched a film.
3-I wanted to buy a newspaper __________ didn’t have enough money.
4-I have a lot of homework to do now __________ I can’t go to the cinema with you.
5-He’s very rich __________ he doesn’t spend a lot of money.
6-Do you want tea __________ coffee?
7-Is the Empire State Building in New York __________ London?
8-Is it a new house __________ an old house?
9-I enjoy visiting many different countries __________ I wouldn’t want to live anywhere else but Lisbon.
10-We can go by bus __________ we can walk.
11-I can’t remember his name __________ I know his face from somewhere.
12-I will study my spelling words __________ I can get a good score on the test.
13-This car is beautiful ________________ expensive.
14-My name is Jim __________ I’m your new teacher.
15-We have a test on Monday _______________ I’ll have to study this weekend.
16-I have to work on Saturday __ _________I can’t go to John’s party. ANSWER 1- and 2- and 3- but 4- so 5- but 6- or 7- or 8- or 9- but 10- or 11- but 12- so 13- but 14- and 15- so 16- so “Because or So?” ANSWER KEY
—THE DINNER PARTY—
Write BECAUSE or SO in the blanks below. Don’t forget the comma! 1- Ruby enjoys cooking, SO she invited all of her classmates over for dinner. 2- Everyone enjoys a good home-cooked meal, SO everybody went to Ruby’s house. 3- Taka ate two plates full of food BECAUSE he was very hungry! 4- Larena and Tammi shared a plate of food BECAUSE they like the same things. 5- Maria is a professional bartender, SO she mixed drinks for everybody. 6- There were lots of lemons on the table BECAUSE Sam brought a big bag full of lemons. 7- Sara is a musician, SO she played the piano and sang to entertain everyone. 8- Leo and Kazumi danced in the middle of the livingroom BECAUSE they love to dance. 9- Filiz asked for the recipe BECAUSE she loved the dinner. 10-Delma also loved the dinner, SO she asked for the recipe too. 11-Ruby’s recipe is a secret family recipe, SO she couldn’t give it away. 12-Filiz and Delma were dissappointed BECAUSE Ruby wouldn’t share the recipe, but they understood why. 13-Ruby worked very hard to prepare the meal, SO she was very tired. 14-Lenny, Sandy and Sasi cleaned off the table, SO the dishes could be washed. 15-Abrahim, Hiro and Kadir offered to wash the dishes BECAUSE poor Ruby was really tired. 16-All the classmates said, “Thank you!” BECAUSE they enjoyed the dinner. 17-It was getting late, SO everybody started leaving. 18-Ruby slept for two days BECAUSE she was exhausted! 19-When we are giving a reason, we use BECAUSE . 20-When we are showing results, we use SO.
| And | : for adding |
| But | : for contrasting |
| Because | : for explaining |
| So | : for consequences |
e.g. She can swim and dive very well. We use because to link an idea with a reason or a cause. e.g. I can’t go into the house because I can’t find the keys. We use so to show the result of something,
e.g. I got up late, so I missed the bus. A conjunction is a word that connects other words or groups of words. In the sentence Bob and Dan are friends the conjunction and connects two nouns and in the sentence He will drive or fly, the conjunction or connects two verbs. In the sentence It is early but we can go, the conjunction but connects two groups of words. Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions which connect two equal parts of a sentence. The most common ones are and, or, but, and so which are used in the following ways: and is used to join or add words together in the sentence They ate and drank.
or is used to show choice or possibilities as in the sentence He will be here on Monday or Tuesday.
but is used to show opposite or conflicting ideas as in the sentence She is small but strong.
so is used to show result as in the sentence I was tired so I went to sleep. Subordinating conjunctions connect two parts of a sentence that are not equal and will be discussed more in another class. For now, you should know some of the more common subordinating conjunctions such as: after before unless
although if until
as since when
because than while Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. In the sentence Both Jan and Meg are good swimmers, both . . .and are correlative conjunctions. The most common correlative conjunctions are: both . . .and
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
not only . . . but also
| Fill in the gaps and, but, because and so. |
| Fil in the gaps and, but,because and so. |
16-I have to work on Saturday __ _________I can’t go to John’s party. ANSWER 1- and 2- and 3- but 4- so 5- but 6- or 7- or 8- or 9- but 10- or 11- but 12- so 13- but 14- and 15- so 16- so “Because or So?” ANSWER KEY
| Micha worked all night. + Micha was tired. | |
| Use because to give a reason: | Use so to show a result: |
|
Micha was tired because she worked all night.
Why was she tired? Because she worked all night. |
Micha worked all night, so she was tired.
She worked all night, so what happened? She was tired. |
Write BECAUSE or SO in the blanks below. Don’t forget the comma! 1- Ruby enjoys cooking, SO she invited all of her classmates over for dinner. 2- Everyone enjoys a good home-cooked meal, SO everybody went to Ruby’s house. 3- Taka ate two plates full of food BECAUSE he was very hungry! 4- Larena and Tammi shared a plate of food BECAUSE they like the same things. 5- Maria is a professional bartender, SO she mixed drinks for everybody. 6- There were lots of lemons on the table BECAUSE Sam brought a big bag full of lemons. 7- Sara is a musician, SO she played the piano and sang to entertain everyone. 8- Leo and Kazumi danced in the middle of the livingroom BECAUSE they love to dance. 9- Filiz asked for the recipe BECAUSE she loved the dinner. 10-Delma also loved the dinner, SO she asked for the recipe too. 11-Ruby’s recipe is a secret family recipe, SO she couldn’t give it away. 12-Filiz and Delma were dissappointed BECAUSE Ruby wouldn’t share the recipe, but they understood why. 13-Ruby worked very hard to prepare the meal, SO she was very tired. 14-Lenny, Sandy and Sasi cleaned off the table, SO the dishes could be washed. 15-Abrahim, Hiro and Kadir offered to wash the dishes BECAUSE poor Ruby was really tired. 16-All the classmates said, “Thank you!” BECAUSE they enjoyed the dinner. 17-It was getting late, SO everybody started leaving. 18-Ruby slept for two days BECAUSE she was exhausted! 19-When we are giving a reason, we use BECAUSE . 20-When we are showing results, we use SO.
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Apple now has Rhapsody as an app, which is a great start, but it is currently hampered by the inability to store locally on your iPod, and has a dismal 64kbps bit rate. If this changes, then it will somewhat negate this advantage for the Zune, but the 10 songs per month will still be a big plus in Zune Pass’ favor.