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1. Simple past,

 form

Regular verbs: base+ed
e.g. walked, showed, watched, played, smiled, stopped

Irregular verbs: see list in verbs

Simple past, be, have, do:

Affirmative
a. I was in Japan last year
b. She had a headache yesterday.
c. We did our homework last night.

Negative and interrogative
Note: For the negative and interrogative simple past form of “do” as an ordinary verb, use the auxiliary “do”, e.g. We didn’t do our homework last night. The negative of “have” in the simple past is usually formed using the auxiliary “do”, but sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction “n’t”.
The interrogative form of “have” in the simple past normally uses the auxiliary “do”.

•  
  • They weren’t in Rio last summer.
  • We hadn’t any money.
  • We didn’t have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
  • We didn’t do our exercises this morning.
  • Were they in Iceland last January?
  • Did you have a bicycle when you were a boy?
  • Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?

Simple past, regular verbs

Example: to walk, simple past.

Note: For the negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the simple past, always use the auxiliary ‘did”.

Examples: Simple past, irregular verbs

to go
a. He went to a club last night.
b. Did he go to the cinema last night?
c. He didn’t go to bed early last night.

to give
d. We gave her a doll for her birthday.
e. They didn’t give John their new address.
f. Did Barry give you my passport?

to come
g. My parents came to visit me last July.
h. We didn’t come because it was raining.
i. Did he come to your party last week?

2. Simple past, function

The simple past is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. Duration is not important. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past.

•  
  • John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
  • My father died last year.
  • He lived in Fiji in 1976.
  • We crossed the Channel yesterday.

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated with certain past time expressions

Examples:

• frequency:
  often, sometimes, always;
• a definite point in time:
  last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago.
• an indefinite point in time:
  the other day, ages ago, a long time ago etc.

Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is placed after the period of time e.g. a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

Examples:

a. Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
b. She finished her work at seven o’clock.
c. We saw a good film last week.
d. I went to the theatre last night.
e. She played the piano when she was a child.
f. He sent me a letter six months ago.
g. Peter left five minutes ago.

USAGES OF THE PAST “TO BE”

The past Tense of BE is used:

1.      Before nouns.

His father was a businessman.

Ephesus was a city once upon a time.

They were students.

 2.      Before adjectives.

She was happy last night.

Ahmet and Orhan were very naughty when they were at school.

He was very handsome and she was very beautiful when they were young.

 3.      Before a prepositional phrase

She wasn’t at home.                                            They were in the living room.

I was at the bus stop.

 4.      With some structures

There was a concert of Tarkan on Atv last night .

There were lots of children in the playground.

 5.      With time expressions.

 His rent was three weeks overdue.                    It wasn’t yesterday. It was today.

 6.      to indicate age , size , distance , area , weights … etc

He was ninety when he died.

She was about six feet tall.

The two cities were ten kilometers away from each other.

1. A.    USES OF THE PAST SIMPLE

 1.      We use this tense to talk about an action or event which took place at a specific time and place in the past that is now finished.

 Berkan Sepetçi went to England in 1990.

We left the house at 3 o’clock.

I saw him two days ago.

 2.      We use this tense to talk about an action or event which took place over a specific period in the past.

  Nese Hanim played table tennis for seven years.

 I worked for two years as a postman.

 We lived in Istanbul for ten years.

 3.      We use this tense to express past habits or customs.

 My father ate a lot of pasta when he was in Italy.

When I was a child we had breakfast at five o’clock every day.

In his younger days, my father always walked to his office.

 Note: We usually use frequency adverbs, used to or would in order to express past habits.

  When I was young, I used to bite my nails.

 My father would sometimes finish a couple of packets a day.

 4.      The Simple Past is used to express a series of past actions following one another.

 it was 9:30 when I left home. I called a taxi and asked the driver to take me to the factory 

When she pressed the button the lift stopped.

As I left the house I remembered the key (This implies that I remembered the key before I had completed the action of leaving the house. This means while I was leaving…

 5.      We use this tense to tell stories.

  One day, the prince decided that he didn’t like his palace anymore

 So, he told his father, the king, that he wanted to go to another country.

 B.    SPELLING OF -ED FORMS

 1.      If the verb ends in a consonant + (-e ) , we just add -d.

  Hope……..hoped        date……..dated           injure………injured      bake ……… baked

 2.      If the verb has only one syllable and ends in 1 vowel + 1 consonant, we double the consonant and add – ed.

  Stop…..stopped         rob…….robbed            beg……….begged

 3.      If the verb has only one syllable and ends in 2 vowels + 1 consonant, we do not double the consonant. We just add -ed.

  Rain……..rained         fool…….fooled           dream…….dreamed

 4.      If the verb has two syllables and ends in a vowel and a consonant;

  PS: We just add -ed when the fist syllable is stressed.

   Listen…..listened  offer……offered  open……..opened

  PS: We double the consonant and add -ed when the 2nd syllable is stressed.

  Prefer…..preferred    control…..controlled  admit …. admitted

 5.      If the verb ends in two consonants , we just add -ed.

  Start…..started           demand……demanded                       fold……folded

 6.      If the verb ends in -y and -y is preceded by a vowel, we just add -ed.

 Enjoy…..enjoyed       play…….played                       pray…..prayed

  PS: If -y is preceded by a consonant, we change -y into -i and add -ed.

  Study……studied       try……..tried               reply……replied

 7.      If the verb ends in -ie, we just add -d.

  Die……died  lie……..lied  tie……….tied

 PRACTICE TIME:

 Place e(d) at the end of the verbs below:

 cry: cried                    stop: stopped             hurry: hurried            rest: rested

love: loved                  save: saved                 swap: swapped          admit: admitted

ask: asked                  enjoy: enjoyed           die: died                     carry: carried

follow: followed        walk: walked             knit: knitted               deny: denied

open: opened             wait: waited               want: wanted             push: pushed